Russian veterinary journal Russian veterinary journal Российский ветеринарный журнал 2500-4379 103994 10.32416/2500-4379-2025-3-33-42 СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ФАРМАКО- И БИОПРЕПАРАТЫ MODERN PHARMACOLOGICAL DRUGS & BIOPREPARATIONS СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ФАРМАКО- И БИОПРЕПАРАТЫ Clinical evaluation of the combination of succinate trazodone and gabapentin (Trazapentin® tablets) for improving the quality of life in dogs with osteoarthritis Клиническая оценка комбинации сукцината тразодона и габапентина (Тразапентин® таблетки) для улучшения качества жизни собак при остеоартрите Белоглазов Денис Валерьевич Beloglazov Denis Valer'evich

кандидат биологических наук;

candidate of sciences in biology;

 Елизарова Елена Анатольевна Elizarova Elena Anatol'evna anatomifarmitox@mail.ru

кандидат биологических наук;

candidate of sciences in biology;

 Мукасеев Сергей Владимирович Mukaseev Sergey Vladimirovich

кандидат ветеринарных наук;

candidate of veterinary sciences;

 Пархоменко Сергей Александрович Parhomenko Sergey Aleksandrovich Зейналов Орхан Ахмедович Zeynalov Orhan Ahmedovich

кандидат биологических наук;

candidate of sciences in biology;

 ООО «НПК «СКиФФ» Москва Россия LLC «NPC «SKiFF» Moscow Russian Federation ООО «АГ «Аспект» Москва Россия LLC AG Aspect Moscow Russian Federation ООО «НВП «Астрафарм» Москва Россия LLC «RDE «Astrapharm» Moscow Russian Federation Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение высшего образования «Нижегородская сельскохозяйственная академия» Нижний Новгород Россия Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy Nizhnij Novgorod Russian Federation «Центр ветеринарной помощи» Дзержинск Россия «Center of the veterinary aid» Dzerzhinsk Russian Federation ФГБОУ ВО «Нижегородский государственный агротехнологический университет имени Л.Я. Флорентьева» (НГАТУ) Нижний Новгород Россия FSBEIo HE «Nizhny Novgorod State Agrotechnological University named after L.Ya. Florentiev» (NNSAU) Nizhny Novgorod Russian Federation ООО «НПК «СКиФФ» Москва Россия LLC «NPC «SKiFF» Moscow Russian Federation ООО «АГ «Аспект» Москва Россия LLC «AG «Aspect» Moscow Russian Federation ООО «НВП «Астрафарм» Москва Россия LLC «RDE «Astrapharm» Moscow Russian Federation ООО «БиоФерон» Москва Россия LLC «BioFeron» Moscow Russian Federation ООО «НВП «Астрафарм» Москва Россия LLC «RDE «Astrapharm» Moscow Russian Federation ООО «НПК «СКиФФ» Москва Россия LLC «NPC «SKiFF» Moscow Russian Federation ООО «НВП «Астрафарм» Москва Россия LLC «RDE «Astrapharm» Moscow Russian Federation ООО «БиоФерон» Москва Россия LLC «BioFeron» Moscow Russian Federation 22 09 2025 22 09 2025 2025 3 33 42 08 09 2025 https://logospress.editorum.ru/en/nauka/article/103994/view

Результаты проведенного исследования демонстрируют высокую эффективность комбинации сукцината тразодона и габапентина в улучшении качества жизни собак, страдающих остеоартритом. Оценка динамики двигательно-игровой активности и эмоционального состояния животных показала клинически и статистически значимые улучшения уже к 4-му дню применения Тразапентина®. Продолжение терапии на протяжении двух недель не приводило к развитию каких-либо неблагоприятных эффектов, что свидетельствует о хорошем профиле безопасности препарата.

The results of the study demonstrate the high efficacy of the combination of trazodone succinate and gabapentin in improving the quality of life of dogs suffering from osteoarthritis. An assessment of the dynamics of motor and play activity and emotional state of the animals showed clinically and statistically significant improvements as early as the fourth day of Trazapentin® administration. Continuation of therapy for two weeks did not lead to the development of any adverse effects, indicating a good safety profile of the drug.

 Тразапентин® габапентин сукцинат тразодона тразодон остеоартрит собаки Trazapentin® gabapentin succinate trazodone trazodone osteoarthritis dogs

Белоглазов, Д.В. Переносимость нового лекарственного препарата Курс Успокоин таблетки собаками в условиях хронического опыта / Д. В. Белоглазов, О. А. Зейналов, С. В. Мукасеев // Российский ветеринарный журнал. – 2023. – № 4. – С. 31-35. – DOI 10.32416/2500-4379-2023-4-31-35. Beloglazov, D.V. Perenosimost' novogo lekarstvennogo preparata Kurs Uspokoin tabletki sobakami v usloviyah hronicheskogo opyta / D. V. Beloglazov, O. A. Zeynalov, S. V. Mukaseev // Rossiyskiy veterinarnyy zhurnal. – 2023. – № 4. – S. 31-35. – DOI 10.32416/2500-4379-2023-4-31-35. Белоглазов, Д.В. Терапевтический потенциал и безопасность комбинации габапентина и сукцината тразодона (Тразапентин® таблетки) для контроля идиопатического цистита кошек: от острых эпизодов к долгосрочной профилактике / Д.В. Белоглазов, Е.А. Елизарова, С.В. Мукасеев, С.А. Пархоменко, О.А. Зейналов // Российский ветеринарный журнал. ‒ 2025. ‒ № 2. ‒ С. 45-54. Beloglazov, D.V. Terapevticheskiy potencial i bezopasnost' kombinacii gabapentina i sukcinata trazodona (Trazapentin® tabletki) dlya kontrolya idiopaticheskogo cistita koshek: ot ostryh epizodov k dolgosrochnoy profilaktike / D.V. Beloglazov, E.A. Elizarova, S.V. Mukaseev, S.A. Parhomenko, O.A. Zeynalov // Rossiyskiy veterinarnyy zhurnal. ‒ 2025. ‒ № 2. ‒ S. 45-54. Белоглазов, Д.В. Тразодона сукцинат - новые возможности фармакологической коррекции ситуационных поведенческих отклонений у собак и кошек / Д.В. Белоглазов, С.В. Мукасеев, О.А. Зейналов // Российский ветеринарный журнал. – 2021. – № 4. – С. 5-13. – DOI 10.32416/2500-4379-2021-4-5-13. Beloglazov, D.V. Trazodona sukcinat - novye vozmozhnosti farmakologicheskoy korrekcii situacionnyh povedencheskih otkloneniy u sobak i koshek / D.V. Beloglazov, S.V. Mukaseev, O.A. Zeynalov // Rossiyskiy veterinarnyy zhurnal. – 2021. – № 4. – S. 5-13. – DOI 10.32416/2500-4379-2021-4-5-13. Елизарова, Е.А. Оценка эффективности нового лекарственного препарата Курс Успокоин таблетки для коррекции возрастных когнитивных нарушений у собак / Е.А. Елизарова, Д.В. Белоглазов, С.В. Мукасеев, О.А. Зейналов // Российский ветеринарный журнал. – 2024. – № 1. – С. 33-39. – DOI 10.32416/2500-4379-2024-1-33-39. Elizarova, E.A. Ocenka effektivnosti novogo lekarstvennogo preparata Kurs Uspokoin tabletki dlya korrekcii vozrastnyh kognitivnyh narusheniy u sobak / E.A. Elizarova, D.V. Beloglazov, S.V. Mukaseev, O.A. Zeynalov // Rossiyskiy veterinarnyy zhurnal. – 2024. – № 1. – S. 33-39. – DOI 10.32416/2500-4379-2024-1-33-39. Anderson, K.L. Prevalence, duration and risk factors for appendicular osteoarthritis in a UK dog population under primary veterinary care / K.L. Anderson, D.G. O'Neill, D.C. Brodbelt, et al. // Sci Rep. ‒ 2018. ‒ No. 8(1). ‒ pp. 5641. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-23940-z. Anderson, K.L. Prevalence, duration and risk factors for appendicular osteoarthritis in a UK dog population under primary veterinary care / K.L. Anderson, D.G. O'Neill, D.C. Brodbelt, et al. // Sci Rep. ‒ 2018. ‒ No. 8(1). ‒ pp. 5641. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-23940-z. Anderson, K.L. Risk Factors for Canine Osteoarthritis and Its Predisposing Arthropathies: A Systematic Review / K.L. Anderson, H. Zulch, D.G. O'Neill, R.L. Meeson, L.M. Collins // Front Vet Sci. ‒ 2020. ‒ No. 7. ‒ pp. 220. doi:10.3389/fvets.2020.00220. Anderson, K.L. Risk Factors for Canine Osteoarthritis and Its Predisposing Arthropathies: A Systematic Review / K.L. Anderson, H. Zulch, D.G. O'Neill, R.L. Meeson, L.M. Collins // Front Vet Sci. ‒ 2020. ‒ No. 7. ‒ pp. 220. doi:10.3389/fvets.2020.00220. Belshaw, Z. The attitudes of owners and veterinary professionals in the United Kingdom to the risk of adverse events associated with using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to treat dogs with osteoarthritis / Z. Belshaw, L. Asher, R.S. Dean // Prev Vet Med. ‒ 2016. ‒ No. 131. ‒ pp..121-126. doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.07.017. Belshaw, Z. The attitudes of owners and veterinary professionals in the United Kingdom to the risk of adverse events associated with using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to treat dogs with osteoarthritis / Z. Belshaw, L. Asher, R.S. Dean // Prev Vet Med. ‒ 2016. ‒ No. 131. ‒ pp..121-126. doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.07.017. Belshaw, Z. "You can be blind because of loving them so much": the impact on owners in the United Kingdom of living with a dog with osteoarthritis / Z. Belshaw, R. Dean, L. Asher // BMC Vet Res. ‒ 2020. ‒ No. 16(1). ‒ pp.190 doi:10.1186/s12917-020-02404-5. Belshaw, Z. "You can be blind because of loving them so much": the impact on owners in the United Kingdom of living with a dog with osteoarthritis / Z. Belshaw, R. Dean, L. Asher // BMC Vet Res. ‒ 2020. ‒ No. 16(1). ‒ pp.190 doi:10.1186/s12917-020-02404-5. Belshaw, Z. Could it be osteoarthritis? How dog owners and veterinary surgeons describe identifying canine osteoarthritis in a general practice setting / Z. Belshaw, R. Dean, L. Asher // Prev Vet Med. ‒ 2020. ‒ No. 185. ‒ pp. 105198. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105198. Belshaw, Z. Could it be osteoarthritis? How dog owners and veterinary surgeons describe identifying canine osteoarthritis in a general practice setting / Z. Belshaw, R. Dean, L. Asher // Prev Vet Med. ‒ 2020. ‒ No. 185. ‒ pp. 105198. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105198. Belshaw, Z. Assessment of quality of life and chronic pain in dogs / Z. Belshaw, J. Yeates // Vet J. ‒ 2018. ‒ No. 239. ‒ pp.59-64. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.07.010. Belshaw, Z. Assessment of quality of life and chronic pain in dogs / Z. Belshaw, J. Yeates // Vet J. ‒ 2018. ‒ No. 239. ‒ pp.59-64. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.07.010. Calandre, E.P. Alpha2delta ligands, gabapentin, pregabalin and mirogabalin: a review of their clinical pharmacology and therapeutic use / E.P. Calandre, F. Rico-Villademoros, M. Slim // Expert Rev Neurother. ‒ 2016. ‒ No. 16(11). ‒ pp. 1263-1277. doi: 10.1080/14737175.2016.1202764. Calandre, E.P. Alpha2delta ligands, gabapentin, pregabalin and mirogabalin: a review of their clinical pharmacology and therapeutic use / E.P. Calandre, F. Rico-Villademoros, M. Slim // Expert Rev Neurother. ‒ 2016. ‒ No. 16(11). ‒ pp. 1263-1277. doi: 10.1080/14737175.2016.1202764. Castel, A. Gabapentin reverses central pain sensitization following a collagenase-induced intrathalamic hemorrhage in rats / A. Castel, P. Vachon // J Pain Res. ‒ 2013. ‒ No. 7. ‒pp. 5-12. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S55201. Castel, A. Gabapentin reverses central pain sensitization following a collagenase-induced intrathalamic hemorrhage in rats / A. Castel, P. Vachon // J Pain Res. ‒ 2013. ‒ No. 7. ‒pp. 5-12. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S55201. Chincholkar, M. Analgesic mechanisms of gabapentinoids and effects in experimental pain models: a narrative review / M. Chincholkar // Br J Anaesth. ‒ 2018. ‒ No. 120(6). ‒ pp. 1315-1334. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2018.02.066. Chincholkar, M. Analgesic mechanisms of gabapentinoids and effects in experimental pain models: a narrative review / M. Chincholkar // Br J Anaesth. ‒ 2018. ‒ No. 120(6). ‒ pp. 1315-1334. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2018.02.066. Cimino Brown, D. What can we learn from osteoarthritis pain in companion animals? / D. Cimino Brown // Clin Exp Rheumatol. ‒ 2017. ‒ No. 107(5). ‒ pp. 53-58. Cimino Brown, D. What can we learn from osteoarthritis pain in companion animals? / D. Cimino Brown // Clin Exp Rheumatol. ‒ 2017. ‒ No. 107(5). ‒ pp. 53-58. Colloca, L. Neuropathic pain / L. Colloca, T. Ludman, D. Bouhassira, et al. // Nat Rev Dis Primers. ‒ 2017. ‒ No. 3 (1). ‒ pp. 17002. doi:10.1038/nrdp.2017.2. Colloca, L. Neuropathic pain / L. Colloca, T. Ludman, D. Bouhassira, et al. // Nat Rev Dis Primers. ‒ 2017. ‒ No. 3 (1). ‒ pp. 17002. doi:10.1038/nrdp.2017.2. Davis, K.N. Qualitative study of owner perceptions of chronic pain in their dogs / K.N. Davis, P.W. Hellyer, E.C.J. Carr, J.E. Wallace, L.R. Kogan // J Am Vet Med Assoc. ‒ 2019. ‒ No. 254(1). ‒ pp. 88-92. doi: 10.2460/javma.254.1.88. Davis, K.N. Qualitative study of owner perceptions of chronic pain in their dogs / K.N. Davis, P.W. Hellyer, E.C.J. Carr, J.E. Wallace, L.R. Kogan // J Am Vet Med Assoc. ‒ 2019. ‒ No. 254(1). ‒ pp. 88-92. doi: 10.2460/javma.254.1.88. Davis, L.V. Retrospective study of 240 dogs receiving gabapentin for chronic pain relief / L.V. Davis, P.W. Hellyer, R.A. Downing, L.R. Kogan // J Vet Med Res. ‒ 2020. ‒ No. 7(4). ‒ pp. 1194. Davis, L.V. Retrospective study of 240 dogs receiving gabapentin for chronic pain relief / L.V. Davis, P.W. Hellyer, R.A. Downing, L.R. Kogan // J Vet Med Res. ‒ 2020. ‒ No. 7(4). ‒ pp. 1194. Della Rocca, G. Chronic Pain in Dogs and Cats: Is There Place for Dietary Intervention with Micro-Palmitoylethanolamide / G. Della Rocca, D. Gamba // Animals (Basel). ‒ 2021. ‒ No. 11(4). ‒ pp.952. doi: 10.3390/ani11040952. Della Rocca, G. Chronic Pain in Dogs and Cats: Is There Place for Dietary Intervention with Micro-Palmitoylethanolamide / G. Della Rocca, D. Gamba // Animals (Basel). ‒ 2021. ‒ No. 11(4). ‒ pp.952. doi: 10.3390/ani11040952. Di Cesare, F. Gabapentin: Clinical Use and Pharmacokinetics in Dogs, Cats, and Horses / F. Di Cesare, V. Negro, G. Ravasio, R. Villa, S. Draghi, P Cagnardi. // Animals (Basel). ‒ 2023. ‒ No. 13(12). ‒ pp. 2045. doi: 10.3390/ani13122045. Di Cesare, F. Gabapentin: Clinical Use and Pharmacokinetics in Dogs, Cats, and Horses / F. Di Cesare, V. Negro, G. Ravasio, R. Villa, S. Draghi, P Cagnardi. // Animals (Basel). ‒ 2023. ‒ No. 13(12). ‒ pp. 2045. doi: 10.3390/ani13122045. Edwards, R.R. Variability in conditioned pain modulation predicts response to NSAID treatment in patients with knee osteoarthritis / R.R. Edwards, A.J. Dolman, M.O. Martel, et al. // BMC Musculoskelet Disord. ‒ 2016. ‒ No. 17. ‒ pp.284. doi: 10.1186/s12891-016-1124-6. Edwards, R.R. Variability in conditioned pain modulation predicts response to NSAID treatment in patients with knee osteoarthritis / R.R. Edwards, A.J. Dolman, M.O. Martel, et al. // BMC Musculoskelet Disord. ‒ 2016. ‒ No. 17. ‒ pp.284. doi: 10.1186/s12891-016-1124-6. Eitner, A. Mechanisms of Osteoarthritic Pain. Studies in Humans and Experimental Models / A. Eitner, G.O. Hofmann, H.G. Schaible // Front Mol Neurosci. ‒ 2017. ‒ No. 10. ‒ pp. 349. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00349. Eitner, A. Mechanisms of Osteoarthritic Pain. Studies in Humans and Experimental Models / A. Eitner, G.O. Hofmann, H.G. Schaible // Front Mol Neurosci. ‒ 2017. ‒ No. 10. ‒ pp. 349. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00349. Enomoto, M. Prevalence of radiographic appendicular osteoarthritis and associated clinical signs in young dogs / M. Enomoto, N. de Castro, J. Hash, et al. // Sci Rep. ‒ 2024. ‒ No. 14(1). ‒ pp. 2827. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-52324-9. Enomoto, M. Prevalence of radiographic appendicular osteoarthritis and associated clinical signs in young dogs / M. Enomoto, N. de Castro, J. Hash, et al. // Sci Rep. ‒ 2024. ‒ No. 14(1). ‒ pp. 2827. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-52324-9. Finnerup, N.B. Pharmacotherapy for neuropathic pain in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis / N.B. Finnerup, N. Attal, S. Haroutounian, et al. // Lancet Neurol. ‒ 2015. ‒ No. 14(2). ‒ pp. 162-173. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70251-0. Finnerup, N.B. Pharmacotherapy for neuropathic pain in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis / N.B. Finnerup, N. Attal, S. Haroutounian, et al. // Lancet Neurol. ‒ 2015. ‒ No. 14(2). ‒ pp. 162-173. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70251-0. Fu, K. Osteoarthritis: the genesis of pain / K. Fu, S.R. Robbins, J.J. McDougall. // Rheumatology (Oxford). ‒ 2018. ‒ No. 57(suppl_4). ‒ iv43-iv50. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex419. Fu, K. Osteoarthritis: the genesis of pain / K. Fu, S.R. Robbins, J.J. McDougall. // Rheumatology (Oxford). ‒ 2018. ‒ No. 57(suppl_4). ‒ iv43-iv50. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex419. Fulmer, A.E., Quality of Life Measurement in Dogs and Cats: A Scoping Review of Generic / A.E. Fulmer, L.J. Tools Laven, K.E. Hill // Animals (Basel). ‒ 2022. ‒ No. 12(3). ‒ pp. 400. doi: 10.3390/ani12030400. Fulmer, A.E., Quality of Life Measurement in Dogs and Cats: A Scoping Review of Generic / A.E. Fulmer, L.J. Tools Laven, K.E. Hill // Animals (Basel). ‒ 2022. ‒ No. 12(3). ‒ pp. 400. doi: 10.3390/ani12030400. Gee, N.S. The novel anticonvulsant drug, gabapentin (Neurontin), binds to the alpha2delta subunit of a calcium channel / N.S. Gee, J.P. Brown, V.U. Dissanayake, J. Offord, R. Thurlow, G.N. Woodruff // Biol Chem. ‒ 1996. ‒ No. 271(10). ‒ pp. 5768-5776. doi: 10.1074/jbc.271.10.5768. Gee, N.S. The novel anticonvulsant drug, gabapentin (Neurontin), binds to the alpha2delta subunit of a calcium channel / N.S. Gee, J.P. Brown, V.U. Dissanayake, J. Offord, R. Thurlow, G.N. Woodruff // Biol Chem. ‒ 1996. ‒ No. 271(10). ‒ pp. 5768-5776. doi: 10.1074/jbc.271.10.5768. Gildea, E. Development and validation of a quality of life and treatment satisfaction measure in canine osteoarthritis / E. Gildea, E. Scales-Theobald, J. Thompson, et al. // Front Vet Sci. ‒ 2024. ‒ No. 11. ‒ pp. 1377019. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1377019. Gildea, E. Development and validation of a quality of life and treatment satisfaction measure in canine osteoarthritis / E. Gildea, E. Scales-Theobald, J. Thompson, et al. // Front Vet Sci. ‒ 2024. ‒ No. 11. ‒ pp. 1377019. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1377019. Gottrup, H. Chronic oral gabapentin reduces elements of central sensitization in human experimental hyperalgesia / H. Gottrup, G. Juhl, A.D. Kristensen, et al. // Anesthesiology. ‒ 2004. ‒ No. 101(6). ‒ pp. 1400-1408. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200412000-00021. Gottrup, H. Chronic oral gabapentin reduces elements of central sensitization in human experimental hyperalgesia / H. Gottrup, G. Juhl, A.D. Kristensen, et al. // Anesthesiology. ‒ 2004. ‒ No. 101(6). ‒ pp. 1400-1408. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200412000-00021. Govendir, M. Improving seizure control in dogs with refractory epilepsy using gabapentin as an adjunctive agent / M. Govendir, M. Perkins, R. Malik // Aust Vet J. ‒ 2005. ‒ No. 83(10). ‒ pp. 602-608. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2005.tb13269.x. Govendir, M. Improving seizure control in dogs with refractory epilepsy using gabapentin as an adjunctive agent / M. Govendir, M. Perkins, R. Malik // Aust Vet J. ‒ 2005. ‒ No. 83(10). ‒ pp. 602-608. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2005.tb13269.x. Gruen, M.E. AHA Pain Management Guidelines for Dogs and Cats / M.E. Gruen, B.D.X. Lascelles, E. Colleran, et al. // J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. ‒ 2022. ‒ No. 58(2). ‒ pp. 55-76. doi: 10.5326/JAAHA-MS-7292. Gruen, M.E. AHA Pain Management Guidelines for Dogs and Cats / M.E. Gruen, B.D.X. Lascelles, E. Colleran, et al. // J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. ‒ 2022. ‒ No. 58(2). ‒ pp. 55-76. doi: 10.5326/JAAHA-MS-7292. Henrotin, Y. Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical management of canine osteoarthritis: present and future perspectives / Y. Henrotin, C. Sanchez, M. Balligand // Vet J. ‒ 2005. ‒ No. 170(1). ‒ pp. 113-123. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2004.08.014. Henrotin, Y. Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical management of canine osteoarthritis: present and future perspectives / Y. Henrotin, C. Sanchez, M. Balligand // Vet J. ‒ 2005. ‒ No. 170(1). ‒ pp. 113-123. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2004.08.014. Hielm-Björkman, A.K. Psychometric testing of the Helsinki chronic pain index by completion of a questionnaire in Finnish by owners of dogs with chronic signs of pain caused by osteoarthritis / A.K. Hielm-Björkman, H. Rita, R.M. Tulamo // Am J Vet Res. ‒ 2009. ‒ No. 70(6). ‒ pp. 727-734. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.70.6.727. Hielm-Björkman, A.K. Psychometric testing of the Helsinki chronic pain index by completion of a questionnaire in Finnish by owners of dogs with chronic signs of pain caused by osteoarthritis / A.K. Hielm-Björkman, H. Rita, R.M. Tulamo // Am J Vet Res. ‒ 2009. ‒ No. 70(6). ‒ pp. 727-734. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.70.6.727. Impellizeri, J.A. Effect of weight reduction on clinical signs of lameness in dogs with hip osteoarthritis / J.A. Impellizeri, M.A. Tetrick, P. Muir // J Am Vet Med Assoc. ‒ 2000. ‒ No. 216(7). ‒ pp. 1089-1091. doi: 10.2460/javma.2000.216.1089. Impellizeri, J.A. Effect of weight reduction on clinical signs of lameness in dogs with hip osteoarthritis / J.A. Impellizeri, M.A. Tetrick, P. Muir // J Am Vet Med Assoc. ‒ 2000. ‒ No. 216(7). ‒ pp. 1089-1091. doi: 10.2460/javma.2000.216.1089. Innes, J.F. Review of the safety and efficacy of long-term NSAID use in the treatment of canine osteoarthritis / J.F Innes., J. Clayton, B.D. Lascelles // Vet Rec. ‒ 2010. ‒ No. 166(8). ‒ pp. 226-230. doi: 10.1136/vr.c97. Innes, J.F. Review of the safety and efficacy of long-term NSAID use in the treatment of canine osteoarthritis / J.F Innes., J. Clayton, B.D. Lascelles // Vet Rec. ‒ 2010. ‒ No. 166(8). ‒ pp. 226-230. doi: 10.1136/vr.c97. Johnston, S.A. Osteoarthritis. Joint anatomy, physiology, and pathobiology / S.A. Johnston // Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. ‒ 1997. ‒ No. 27(4). ‒ pp. 699-723. doi: 10.1016/s0195-5616(97)50076-3. Johnston, S.A. Osteoarthritis. Joint anatomy, physiology, and pathobiology / S.A. Johnston // Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. ‒ 1997. ‒ No. 27(4). ‒ pp. 699-723. doi: 10.1016/s0195-5616(97)50076-3. Kirby-Madden, T. Effects of Gabapentin on the Treatment of Behavioral Disorders in Dogs: A Retrospective Evaluation / T. Kirby-Madden, C.T. Waring, M. Herron // Animals (Basel). ‒ 2024. ‒ No. 14(10). ‒ pp. 1462. doi: 10.3390/ani14101462. Kirby-Madden, T. Effects of Gabapentin on the Treatment of Behavioral Disorders in Dogs: A Retrospective Evaluation / T. Kirby-Madden, C.T. Waring, M. Herron // Animals (Basel). ‒ 2024. ‒ No. 14(10). ‒ pp. 1462. doi: 10.3390/ani14101462. Knazovicky, D. Widespread somatosensory sensitivity in naturally occurring canine model of osteoarthritis / D. Knazovicky, E.S. Helgeson, B. Case, M.E. Gruen, W. Maixner, B.D.X. Lascelles // Pain ‒ 2016. ‒ No. 157(6). ‒ pp. 1325-1332. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000521. Knazovicky, D. Widespread somatosensory sensitivity in naturally occurring canine model of osteoarthritis / D. Knazovicky, E.S. Helgeson, B. Case, M.E. Gruen, W. Maixner, B.D.X. Lascelles // Pain ‒ 2016. ‒ No. 157(6). ‒ pp. 1325-1332. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000521. Knazovicky, D. Initial evaluation of nighttime restlessness in a naturally occurring canine model of osteoarthritis pain / D. Knazovicky, A. Tomas, A. Motsinger-Reif, B.D. Lascelles // Peer J. ‒ 201. ‒ No. 53. ‒ e772. doi: 10.7717/peerj.772. Knazovicky, D. Initial evaluation of nighttime restlessness in a naturally occurring canine model of osteoarthritis pain / D. Knazovicky, A. Tomas, A. Motsinger-Reif, B.D. Lascelles // Peer J. ‒ 201. ‒ No. 53. ‒ e772. doi: 10.7717/peerj.772. KuKanich, B. Outpatient oral analgesics in dogs and cats beyond nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs: an evidence-based approach / B. KuKanich // Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. ‒ 2013. ‒ No. 43(5). ‒ pp. 1109-1125. doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2013.04.007. KuKanich, B. Outpatient oral analgesics in dogs and cats beyond nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs: an evidence-based approach / B. KuKanich // Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. ‒ 2013. ‒ No. 43(5). ‒ pp. 1109-1125. doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2013.04.007. Lascelles, B.D.X. The new science of osteoarthritis (OA) pain and inflammation / B.D.X. Lascelles, S. Knauer, K. Walker, C. North. ‒ Technical Report, 2020. ‒ 7 p. Lascelles, B.D.X. The new science of osteoarthritis (OA) pain and inflammation / B.D.X. Lascelles, S. Knauer, K. Walker, C. North. ‒ Technical Report, 2020. ‒ 7 p. Lascelles, B.D.X, Measurement of chronic pain in companion animals: Discussions from the Pain in Animals Workshop (PAW) 2017 / B.D.X. Lascelles, D.C. Brown, M.G. Conzemius, M. Gill, M.L. Oshinsky, M. Sharkey // Vet J. ‒ 2019. ‒ No. 250. ‒ pp. 71-78. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.07.001. Lascelles, B.D.X, Measurement of chronic pain in companion animals: Discussions from the Pain in Animals Workshop (PAW) 2017 / B.D.X. Lascelles, D.C. Brown, M.G. Conzemius, M. Gill, M.L. Oshinsky, M. Sharkey // Vet J. ‒ 2019. ‒ No. 250. ‒ pp. 71-78. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.07.001. Lascelles, B.D.X. Spontaneous painful disease in companion animals can facilitate the development of chronic pain therapies for humans / B.D.X. Lascelles, D.C. Brown, W. Maixner, J.S. Mogil / Osteoarthritis Cartilage. ‒ 2018. ‒ No. 26(2). ‒ pp. 175-183. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.11.011. Lascelles, B.D.X. Spontaneous painful disease in companion animals can facilitate the development of chronic pain therapies for humans / B.D.X. Lascelles, D.C. Brown, W. Maixner, J.S. Mogil / Osteoarthritis Cartilage. ‒ 2018. ‒ No. 26(2). ‒ pp. 175-183. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.11.011. Latremoliere, A. Central sensitization: a generator of pain hypersensitivity by central neural plasticity / A. Latremoliere, C.J. Woolf // J Pain. ‒ 2009. ‒ No. 10(9). ‒ pp. 895-926. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2009.06.012. Latremoliere, A. Central sensitization: a generator of pain hypersensitivity by central neural plasticity / A. Latremoliere, C.J. Woolf // J Pain. ‒ 2009. ‒ No. 10(9). ‒ pp. 895-926. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2009.06.012. Lee, B.S. Intrathecal gabapentin increases interleukin-10 expression and inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine in a rat model of neuropathic pain / B.S. Lee, I.G. Jun, S.H. Kim, J.Y. Park // J Korean Med Sci. ‒ 2013. ‒ No. 28(2). ‒ pp. 308-314. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2013.28.2.308. Lee, B.S. Intrathecal gabapentin increases interleukin-10 expression and inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine in a rat model of neuropathic pain / B.S. Lee, I.G. Jun, S.H. Kim, J.Y. Park // J Korean Med Sci. ‒ 2013. ‒ No. 28(2). ‒ pp. 308-314. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2013.28.2.308. Lin, H-C. Gabapentin Reverses Central Hypersensitivity and Suppresses Medial Prefrontal Cortical Glucose Metabolism in Rats with Neuropathic Pain / H-C. Lin, Y-H. Huang, T-HH. Chao, W-Y. Lin, W-Z. Sun, C-T. Yen // Molecular Pain. ‒ 2014. ‒ No. 10. doi: 10.1186/1744-8069-10-63. Lin, H-C. Gabapentin Reverses Central Hypersensitivity and Suppresses Medial Prefrontal Cortical Glucose Metabolism in Rats with Neuropathic Pain / H-C. Lin, Y-H. Huang, T-HH. Chao, W-Y. Lin, W-Z. Sun, C-T. Yen // Molecular Pain. ‒ 2014. ‒ No. 10. doi: 10.1186/1744-8069-10-63. Luna, S.P. Evaluation of adverse effects of long-term oral administration of carprofen, etodolac, flunixin meglumine, ketoprofen, and meloxicam in dogs / S.P. Luna, A.C. Basílio, P.V. Steagall, et al. // Am J Vet Res. ‒ 2007. ‒ No. 68(3). ‒ pp. 258-264. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.68.3.258. Luna, S.P. Evaluation of adverse effects of long-term oral administration of carprofen, etodolac, flunixin meglumine, ketoprofen, and meloxicam in dogs / S.P. Luna, A.C. Basílio, P.V. Steagall, et al. // Am J Vet Res. ‒ 2007. ‒ No. 68(3). ‒ pp. 258-264. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.68.3.258. Marshall, W.G. The effect of weight loss on lameness in obese dogs with osteoarthritis / W.G. Marshall, H.A. Hazewinkel, D. Mullen, G. De Meyer, K. Baert, S. Carmichael // Vet Res Commun. ‒ 2010. ‒ No. 34(3). ‒ pp. 241-253. doi: 10.1007/s11259-010-9348-7. Marshall, W.G. The effect of weight loss on lameness in obese dogs with osteoarthritis / W.G. Marshall, H.A. Hazewinkel, D. Mullen, G. De Meyer, K. Baert, S. Carmichael // Vet Res Commun. ‒ 2010. ‒ No. 34(3). ‒ pp. 241-253. doi: 10.1007/s11259-010-9348-7. Martel-Pelletier, J. Osteoarthritis / J. Martel-Pelletier, A.J. Barr, F.M. Cicuttini, et al. // Nat Rev Dis Primers. ‒ 2016. ‒ No. 2. ‒ pp. 16072. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2016.72. Martel-Pelletier, J. Osteoarthritis / J. Martel-Pelletier, A.J. Barr, F.M. Cicuttini, et al. // Nat Rev Dis Primers. ‒ 2016. ‒ No. 2. ‒ pp. 16072. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2016.72. Monteiro, B.P. WSAVA Guidelines for the recognition, assessment and treatment of Pain / B.P. Monteiro, B.D.X. Lascelles, J.C. Murrell, S. Robertson, P.V.M. Steagall, B. Wright / J. Small Anim. Pract. ‒ 2022. ‒ No. 64. – pp. 177-274. Monteiro, B.P. WSAVA Guidelines for the recognition, assessment and treatment of Pain / B.P. Monteiro, B.D.X. Lascelles, J.C. Murrell, S. Robertson, P.V.M. Steagall, B. Wright / J. Small Anim. Pract. ‒ 2022. ‒ No. 64. – pp. 177-274. Monteiro-Steagall, B.P. Systematic review of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced adverse effects in dogs / B.P. Monteiro-Steagall, P.V.M. Steagall, B.D.X. Lascelles // J Vet Intern Med. ‒ 2014. ‒ No. 28(2). ‒ pp. 745. doi: 10.1111/jvim.12127. Monteiro-Steagall, B.P. Systematic review of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced adverse effects in dogs / B.P. Monteiro-Steagall, P.V.M. Steagall, B.D.X. Lascelles // J Vet Intern Med. ‒ 2014. ‒ No. 28(2). ‒ pp. 745. doi: 10.1111/jvim.12127. Moore, S.A. Managing Neuropathic Pain in Dogs / S.A. Moore // Front Vet Sci. ‒ 2016. ‒ No. 3. ‒ pp.12. doi:10.3389/fvets.2016.00012. Moore, S.A. Managing Neuropathic Pain in Dogs / S.A. Moore // Front Vet Sci. ‒ 2016. ‒ No. 3. ‒ pp.12. doi:10.3389/fvets.2016.00012. Musco, N. Effects of a nutritional supplement in dogs affected by osteoarthritis / N. Musco, G. Vassalotti, V. Mastellone, et al. // Vet Med Sci. ‒ 2019. ‒ No. 5(3). ‒ pp. 325-335. doi: 10.1002/vms3.182. Musco, N. Effects of a nutritional supplement in dogs affected by osteoarthritis / N. Musco, G. Vassalotti, V. Mastellone, et al. // Vet Med Sci. ‒ 2019. ‒ No. 5(3). ‒ pp. 325-335. doi: 10.1002/vms3.182. Pettitt R.A., Investigation and management of canine osteoarthritis / R.A. Pettitt, A.J. German // In Practice. ‒ 2015. ‒ No. 37 (Suppl. 1). ‒ pp.1-8. Pettitt R.A., Investigation and management of canine osteoarthritis / R.A. Pettitt, A.J. German // In Practice. ‒ 2015. ‒ No. 37 (Suppl. 1). ‒ pp.1-8. Pye, C. Advances in the pharmaceutical treatment options for canine osteoarthritis / C. Pye, N. Bruniges, M. Peffers, E. Comerford // Journal of small animal practice. ‒ 2022. ‒ No. 63(10). ‒ pp. 721-738. doi: 10.1111/jsap.13495. Pye, C. Advances in the pharmaceutical treatment options for canine osteoarthritis / C. Pye, N. Bruniges, M. Peffers, E. Comerford // Journal of small animal practice. ‒ 2022. ‒ No. 63(10). ‒ pp. 721-738. doi: 10.1111/jsap.13495. Reader, R. Evaluation of prescribing practices for gabapentin as an analgesic among veterinary professionals / R. Reader, O. Olaitan, E. McCobb // Journal of Veterinary Anaesthesia. ‒ 2021. ‒ No. 48(5). ‒ pp. 775-781. doi: 10.1016/j.vaa.2021.06.007. Reader, R. Evaluation of prescribing practices for gabapentin as an analgesic among veterinary professionals / R. Reader, O. Olaitan, E. McCobb // Journal of Veterinary Anaesthesia. ‒ 2021. ‒ No. 48(5). ‒ pp. 775-781. doi: 10.1016/j.vaa.2021.06.007. Ruel, H.L.M. Pain burden, sensory profile and inflammatory cytokines of dogs with naturally-occurring neuropathic pain treated with gabapentin alone or with meloxicam / H.L.M. Ruel, R. Watanabe, M.C. Evangelista, et al. // PLoS One. ‒ 2020. ‒ No. 15(11). ‒ e0237121. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237121. Ruel, H.L.M. Pain burden, sensory profile and inflammatory cytokines of dogs with naturally-occurring neuropathic pain treated with gabapentin alone or with meloxicam / H.L.M. Ruel, R. Watanabe, M.C. Evangelista, et al. // PLoS One. ‒ 2020. ‒ No. 15(11). ‒ e0237121. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237121. Sills, G.J. The mechanisms of action of gabapentin and pregabalin / G.J. Sills // Current Opinion in Pharmacolog. ‒ 2006. ‒ No. 6(1). ‒ pp. 108-113. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2005.11.003. Sills, G.J. The mechanisms of action of gabapentin and pregabalin / G.J. Sills // Current Opinion in Pharmacolog. ‒ 2006. ‒ No. 6(1). ‒ pp. 108-113. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2005.11.003. Smith, G.K. Evaluation of risk factors for degenerative joint disease associated with hip dysplasia in German Shepherd Dogs, Golden Retrievers, Labrador Retrievers, and Rottweilers / G.K. Smith, P.D. Mayhew, A.S. Kapatkin, P.J. McKelvie, F.S. Shofer, T.P. Gregor // Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. ‒ 2001. ‒ No. 219(12). ‒ pp. 1719-1724. doi: 10.2460/javma.2001.219.1719. Smith, G.K. Evaluation of risk factors for degenerative joint disease associated with hip dysplasia in German Shepherd Dogs, Golden Retrievers, Labrador Retrievers, and Rottweilers / G.K. Smith, P.D. Mayhew, A.S. Kapatkin, P.J. McKelvie, F.S. Shofer, T.P. Gregor // Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. ‒ 2001. ‒ No. 219(12). ‒ pp. 1719-1724. doi: 10.2460/javma.2001.219.1719. Spitznagel, M.B. Relationships among owner consideration of euthanasia, caregiver burden, and treatment satisfaction in canine osteoarthritis / M.B. Spitznagel, K. Patrick, M.W. Gober, et al. // Veterinary Journal. ‒ 2022. ‒ Aug. No. ‒ pp. 105868. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2022.105868. Spitznagel, M.B. Relationships among owner consideration of euthanasia, caregiver burden, and treatment satisfaction in canine osteoarthritis / M.B. Spitznagel, K. Patrick, M.W. Gober, et al. // Veterinary Journal. ‒ 2022. ‒ Aug. No. ‒ pp. 105868. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2022.105868. Stollar, O.O. Effects of a single dose of orally administered gabapentin in dogs during a veterinary visit: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled study / O.O. Stollar, G.E. Moore, A. Mukhopadhyay, W. Gwin, N. Ogata // Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. ‒ 2022. ‒ No. 260(9). ‒ pp. 1031-1040. doi: 10.2460/javma.21.03.0167. Stollar, O.O. Effects of a single dose of orally administered gabapentin in dogs during a veterinary visit: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled study / O.O. Stollar, G.E. Moore, A. Mukhopadhyay, W. Gwin, N. Ogata // Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. ‒ 2022. ‒ No. 260(9). ‒ pp. 1031-1040. doi: 10.2460/javma.21.03.0167. Summers, J.F. Health-related welfare prioritisation of canine disorders using electronic health records in primary care practice in the UK. BMC / J.F. Summers, D.G. O'Neill, D. Church, L. Collins, D. Sargan, D.C. Brodbelt // Veterinary Record. ‒ 2019. ‒ No. 15(1). ‒ pp. 163. doi:10.1186/s12917-019-1902-0. Summers, J.F. Health-related welfare prioritisation of canine disorders using electronic health records in primary care practice in the UK. BMC / J.F. Summers, D.G. O'Neill, D. Church, L. Collins, D. Sargan, D.C. Brodbelt // Veterinary Record. ‒ 2019. ‒ No. 15(1). ‒ pp. 163. doi:10.1186/s12917-019-1902-0. Vassalotti, G. Nutritional management of search and rescue dogs / G. Vassalotti, N. Musco, P. Lombardi, et al. // Journal of Nutritional Science. ‒ 2017. ‒ No. 6. ‒ e44. doi: 10.1017/jns.2017.47. Vassalotti, G. Nutritional management of search and rescue dogs / G. Vassalotti, N. Musco, P. Lombardi, et al. // Journal of Nutritional Science. ‒ 2017. ‒ No. 6. ‒ e44. doi: 10.1017/jns.2017.47. Wareham, K.J. Systematic review of the factors affecting cat and dog owner compliance with pharmaceutical treatment recommendations / K.J. Wareham, M.L. Brennan, R.S. Dean // Veterinary Record. ‒ 2019. ‒ No. 184(5). ‒ pp. 154. doi: 10.1136/vr.104793. Wareham, K.J. Systematic review of the factors affecting cat and dog owner compliance with pharmaceutical treatment recommendations / K.J. Wareham, M.L. Brennan, R.S. Dean // Veterinary Record. ‒ 2019. ‒ No. 184(5). ‒ pp. 154. doi: 10.1136/vr.104793. Wiseman, M.L. Preliminary study on owner-reported behaviour changes associated with chronic pain in dogs / M.L. Wiseman, A.M. Nolan, J. Reid, E.M. Scott // Veterinary Record. ‒ 2001. ‒ No. 149(14). ‒ pp. 423-424. doi: 10.1136/vr.149.14.423. Wiseman, M.L. Preliminary study on owner-reported behaviour changes associated with chronic pain in dogs / M.L. Wiseman, A.M. Nolan, J. Reid, E.M. Scott // Veterinary Record. ‒ 2001. ‒ No. 149(14). ‒ pp. 423-424. doi: 10.1136/vr.149.14.423. Wright, A. Diagnosis and treatment rates of osteoarthritis in dogs using a health risk assessment (HRA) or health questionairre for osteoarthritis in general veterinary practice / A. Wright, D. Amodie, N. Cernicchiaro, B. Lascelles, A. Pavlock // Value in Health. ‒ 2019. ‒ No. 22. ‒ S387. Wright, A. Diagnosis and treatment rates of osteoarthritis in dogs using a health risk assessment (HRA) or health questionairre for osteoarthritis in general veterinary practice / A. Wright, D. Amodie, N. Cernicchiaro, B. Lascelles, A. Pavlock // Value in Health. ‒ 2019. ‒ No. 22. ‒ S387.