Russian veterinary journal Russian veterinary journal Российский ветеринарный журнал 2500-4379 65729 10.32416/2500-4379-2023-2-23-31 ОБЗОРЫ REVIEWS ОБЗОРЫ The optimal time and methods of artificial insemination of dogs Выбор оптимального времени и методы искусственного осеменения собак Дюльгер Георгий Петрович Dyul'ger Georgiy Petrovich dulger@rgau-msha.ru

доктор ветеринарных наук;

doctor of veterinary sciences;

 Колядина Наталья Ивановна Kolyadina Natal'ya Ivanovna

кандидат ветеринарных наук;

candidate of veterinary sciences;

 Акчурин Сергей Владимирович Akchurin Sergey Vladimirovich

доктор ветеринарных наук;

doctor of veterinary sciences;

 Дюльгер Петр Георгиевич Dyul'ger Petr Georgievich

кандидат ветеринарных наук;

candidate of veterinary sciences;

 Акчурина Ирина Владимировна Akchurina Irina Vladimirovna

кандидат ветеринарных наук;

candidate of veterinary sciences;

 Латынина Евгения Сергеевна Latynina Evgeniya Sergeevna

кандидат ветеринарных наук;

candidate of veterinary sciences;

 Обухова Мария Евгеньевна Obuhova Mariya Evgen'evna

кандидат биологических наук;

candidate of sciences in biology;

 Свистунов Дмитрий Валерьевич Svistunov Dmitriy Valer'evich Вершинина Мария Андреевна Vershinina Mariya Andreevna Российский государственный аграрный университет-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева Москва Россия Russian State Agrarian University-K.A. Timiryazev Agricultural Academy Moscow Russian Federation Центр ветеринарной репродукции и неонатологии ВЦ «МедВет» Домодедово Россия Center of Veterinary Reproduction and Neonatology of the MedVet Veterinary Center Domodedovo Russian Federation Российский государственный аграрный университет-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева Москва Россия Russian State Agrarian University-K.A. Timiryazev Agricultural Academy Moscow Russian Federation ООО «Вет Сити Центр» Москва Россия OOO «Vet City Center» Moscow Russian Federation Российский государственный аграрный университет-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева Москва Россия Russian State Agrarian University-K.A. Timiryazev Agricultural Academy Moscow Russian Federation Российский государственный аграрный университет-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева Москва Россия Russian State Agrarian University-K.A. Timiryazev Agricultural Academy Moscow Russian Federation Российский государственный аграрный университет-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева Москва Россия Russian State Agrarian University-K.A. Timiryazev Agricultural Academy Moscow Russian Federation Российский государственный аграрный университет-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева Москва Россия Russian State Agrarian University-K.A. Timiryazev Agricultural Academy Moscow Russian Federation Российский государственный аграрный университет-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева Москва Россия Russian State Agrarian University-K.A. Timiryazev Agricultural Academy Moscow Russian Federation 07 07 2023 07 07 2023 2023 2 23 31 19 06 2023 https://logospress.editorum.ru/en/nauka/article/65729/view

Собраны, проанализированы и обобщены литературные сведения по вопросу выбора оптимального времени и методам искусственного осеменения собак на современном этапе. Для обзора были использованы научные статьи, размещенные в библиографических базах данных e-library, Scopus, ResearchGate. Установлено, что искусственное осеменение имеет значительные преимущества по сравнению с естественным: надежное длительное хранение спермы в криобанках, возможность экспорта-импорта генетического материала без транспортировки животных, получение потомства от элитных производителей практически из любого региона страны или мира, в том числе и после их смерти. Время проведения искусственного осеменения, также как и естественной вязки, определяют по дате овуляции, используя прямые (УЗИ яичников) или непрямые методы ее определения (картина влагалищных мазков, многократные измерения концентрации прогестерона и др.). Яйцеклетка у собак овулирует незрелой на стадии ооцита первого порядка. По этой причине их рекомендуют осеменять двукратно на 2…5-е сутки после овуляции, когда в маточной трубе заканчивается созревания яйцеклетки – формирование ооцита второго порядка. Для инсеминации собак применяют свежеполученную, разбавленную охлажденную и криоконсервированную сперму. При использовании свежеполученной и разбавленной охлажденной спермы методом выбора является внутривлагалищный способ введения спермы, замороженно-оттаянной – трансцервикальный внутриматочный под видеоэндоскопическим контролем.

We collected, analyzed, and summarized information on the optimal timing and methods of artificial insemination of dogs at present. Scientific articles published in the bibliographic databases such as e-library, Scopus, and ResearchGate were used for this review. It has been established that artificial insemination has significant advantages over natural insemination, including reliable long-term storage of sperm in cryobanks, the possibility of exporting and importing genetic material without transporting animals, and obtaining offspring from elite male producers from anywhere in the world, even after their death. The time of artificial insemination and natural mating is determined by the date of ovulation using direct (ultrasound visualization of the ovaries) or indirect methods (picture of vaginal smears, multiple measurements of blood progesterone concentration, etc.). In dogs, the egg cell ovulates immature at the stage of the oocyte of the first order. For this reason, it is recommended to inseminate them on the 2nd… 5th days after ovulation, when egg maturation ends in the fallopian tube - the formation of a second-order oocyte. For dog insemination, freshly obtained, diluted chilled, and cryopreserved sperm are used. When using freshly obtained and diluted cooled sperm, the method of choice is an intra-vaginal method of sperm administration, and frozen-thawed sperm requires transcervical intrauterine insemination under video endoscopic control.

 собаки самцы самки сперма искусственное осеменение вспомогательные репродуктивные технологии dogs males females sperm artificial insemination assisted reproductive technologies

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